Objective: By using data envelopment analysis (DEA), we sought to evaluate public hospitals with different levels in Jiangsu province, and to give scientific suggestions for promoting medical resources rational allocation. Methods: Using DEA, technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency were calculated. The emphasis of the analysis was comparing efficiency variance in different levels of public hospitals. Tobit regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of technical efficiency. Results: Grade 1 and Grade 2 hospitals were inefficient, and the results indicated that efficiency of the two different kinds of the hospitals varied in different regions. However, Grade 3 hospitals were efficient comparatively. Conclusion: The result of the research can be used to reallocate resources and optimize the scale of the hospitals, in order to improve the efficiency of public hospitals with different levels.