This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the comprehensive reform of the medical price of public hospitals in Jiangsu Province and the changes of the economic operation of the public hospitals before and after the reform. We made a detailed analysis on the implementation of price adjustment of public hospitals, hospital economic operation, medical expenses control, and hospital compensation. After the comprehensive reform of pharmaceutical prices, the economic operation of public hospitals was stable, and the medical income structure was gradually optimized, and the price adjustment to cancel the drug addition to the compensation ratio was low. The effect of the reform is in line with expectations, but public hospital compensation needs to be implemented as soon as possible. Public hospitals need to strengthen its cost management. The next step is to build a set of long-term dynamic adjustment mechanism of medical service price, and so as to promote a healthy and sustainable development of public hospitals.