At the end of 2015, the medical price reform in public hospitals in Jiangsu was implemented in an all-round way. In this paper, we collected the medical insurance related data of two major representative clinical departments (oncology and urology) from a large public hospital a year before and after the reform. Then, we found that the medical price reform had achieved some success in the optimization of medical expenses structure, improving the labor value of medical workers, and controlling health insurance costs grow too fast. However, there is still room for further improvement in the establishment of scientific and rational measures such as cost measurement methods, adjustment mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms.