By investigating rural type 2 diabetes patients in two counties in Jiangsu Province, the status quo of treatment adherence and related influencing factors of type 2 diabetic patients were analyzed, and the decision?making basis for perfecting relevant countermeasures were provided. Face?to?face interviews were conducted by self?designed questionnaires. Multistage random sampling was used to select patients for investigation. 90.6% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the two counties had good medication adherence. Length of be diagnosed, times of follow?ups, the awareness of knowledge of disease were the statistical significant factors of influencing medication adherence for rural type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.05). 57.9% percentage of patients had good non?drug treatment adherence. However, the physical exercise and the control of smoking and alcohol still need to be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination among medical institutions among different levels, increase the awareness of diabetes knowledge for patients, and build up the patients’ confidence and consciousness of self?management, in order to boost patients’ treatment adherence.