Precision medicine is recognized by the international community as a new medical model that can bring medical innovation， but there are still many obstacles in the actual implementation and implementation process. Considering that precision medicine is participated by multiple subjects， this article based on the complex adaptive system theory， analyzed the participants of precision medicine and the mechanisms of tags， building blocks and internal models， and then constructed the operation mechanism of precision medicine. Meanwhile， it put forward relevant suggestions to promote the development of precision medical service in China.