To explore the situation of workplace violence and job burnout of nursing staff in county?level public hospitals. A cross?sectional study was conducted among 886 nurses selected by the systemic sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the incidence of workplace violence and job burnout， and variance analysis was used to analyze the differences in the burnout scores between different groups. Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to explore the impact of workplace violence on job burnout. The incidence of workplace violence in sample hospitals was 73.02%， and emotional abuse was the main form of violence. The score of job burnout was higher than the M?norm. The situation of job burnout cannot be overlooked. The job burnout of nursing staff with 5~14 years of nursing work experience， born in the one?child?policy generation， medium?grade professional title and working overtime was much more serious. Workplace violence was also an important variable affecting job burnout. Attention should be paid to workplace violence and job burnout in county hospitals， including establishing security mechanisms to effectively prevent and resolve workplace violence， reasonable distributing workload， incentivizing work effectiveness， building career development planning， and creating social support systems in order to reduce job burnout.