By using data envelopment analysis(DEA), taking government investment, health technicians and fixed assets as input indicators, annual outpatient and emergency patients, inpatients and public health services as output indicators, and using the CCR model, BCC model and scale efficiency model, this paper analyzed the health service efficiency of sampled township health centers in Ma’anshan city. The results showed that the overall health service efficiency of township health centers in Ma’anshan city was not high, with an average comprehensive efficiency of 0.737, an average pure technical efficiency of 0.881 and an average scale efficiency of 0.837. The DEA of eight township health centers(26.67%)was relatively effective, among which six were in the suburbs of Ma’anshan, and only two were in remote villages and towns. The health efficiency of suburban township health center was significantly higher than that of remote township health centers; In terms of input and output, township health centers in suburban areas were significantly higher than those in remote areas. In terms of scale efficiency, 18 township health centers were in the state of diminishing returns to scale, four in the state of increasing returns to scale, and eight in the state of constant returns to scale. Redundancy in health service investment of township health centers in this city was common. It is suggested to strengthen the improvement of service capacity in order to improve the efficiency of health service resources allocation of township health centers in the city, to rationally allocate health resources so as to avoid extensive expansion, to improve the management level and strengthen the human resources construction of township health centers to achieve connotative high?quality development, and to pay equal attention to medical treatment and prevention in order to jointly improve the service efficiency of township health centers.