Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative hypersensitivity troponin T in patients with uremic parathyroidectomy. Methods Sixty patients underwent elective parathyroidectomy were signed informed consent, aged between 18-65, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade II and III, and the estimated operation time was within 2 hours. They were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (group C) and the dexmedetomidine group (group D). In group D, dexmedetomidine was intravenously injected 1 μg / kg before anesthesia induction, and then maintained at a rate of 0.2 μg?kg_^-1?h_^-1 until 30 min before the end of the operation. In group C, an equal volume of saline was intravenously injected. Record the HR and MAP at the time of admission (T0), the start of the operation (T1), the start of the operation 30 minutes (T2), the end of the operation (T3), and 30 minutes after the end of the operation (T4). hypersensitivity troponin T (hs-cTNT) before surgery and 1 day after surgery, as well as number of cases of postoperative nausea, vomiting and infection were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in HR and MAP at different time points between the two groups(P > 0.05). There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups of patients with hs-cTNT before surgery(P > 0.05), but the hs-cTNT of group D was significantly lower than that of group C on the first day after surgery (P <0.05), no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can be used in patients with uremic parathyroidectomy to reduce the level of postoperative hypersensitive troponin T and protect the myocardium.