某三甲医院133例临床输血不良反应回顾性调查分析
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1.西京医院输血科;2.空军军医大学西京医院输血科

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Retrospective analysis of 133 cases of clinical adverse reactions of blood transfusion in a grade A hospital
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China

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    摘要:

    目的:回顾性分析本院输血不良反应发生的相关影响因素,探讨减少输血不良反应发生的输血模式,促进临床输血更安全、更科学。方法:对本院2015年1月—2020年6月发生的输血不良反应进行回顾性调查分析。结果:2015年1月—2020年6月在本院接受输血治疗的住院患者共59202人次,共收到临床反馈的输血不良反应133例,年龄集中在21岁—60岁,其中男性输血不良反应发生率为0.18%,女性输血不良反应发生率为0.29%,二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);85例有输血史,占比63.9%;48例无输血史,占比36.1%,输血史明显影响患者输血不良反应发生率(P<0.05);发生输血不良反应的患者以骨科最多,其次为心脏外科,然后是急诊科、烧伤科、血液科、产科等。总的输血不良反应发生率为0.22%,其中,过敏反应125例,占比93.98%;非溶血性发热反应8例,占比6.02%。在133例输血不良反应病例中,输注病毒灭活冰冻血浆93例,占比69.93%;输注悬浮红细胞26例,占比19.54%;输注去白细胞单采血小板13例,占比9.77%;输注冷沉淀凝血因子1例,占比0.75%。发生输血不良反应的患者ABO血型分布为A=B>O>AB,与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:本院总体输血不良反应发生率较低,主要是过敏反应,大多患者有输血史,年龄主要集中在21岁—60岁,临床工作中应严格把握输血指征,输血前应加强患者抗体筛查,尽量做到精准个体化输血,提高医护人员对输血不良反应的认识和判断能力,从而提高输血安全与输血疗效。

    Abstract:

    [Abstract] Objective: To analyze the related factors of adverse reactions of blood transfusion and explore the transfusion mode to reduce adverse reactions of blood transfusion, so as to make clinical blood transfusion safer and more reasonable. Methods: The adverse reactions of blood transfusion occurred in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2020 were retrospectively investigated and analyzed. Results: A total of 59,202 hospitalized patients received blood transfusion from January 2015 to June 2020, in our hospital. 133 cases of adverse reactions occurred during blood transfusion, most of whom were aged between 21 and 60 years old. Among them, The incidence of adverse reaction was 0.18% for male and 0.29% for female.85 patients (63.9%) had a history of blood transfusion and 48 patients (36.1%) had no history of blood transfusion. The total incidence of adverse reactions was 0.22%, including 125 cases of anaphylaxis and 8 cases of non-hemolytic febrile reactions. Among the 133 cases of adverse reaction,69.93% of the cases were transfused with frozen plasma,19.54% of the cases were transfused with suspended red blood cells and 9.77% of the cases were transfused with Leukemia-desorption platelets and 0.75% of the cases were transfused with cryoprecipitation coagulation factor. The ABO blood group distribution of the patients with adverse blood transfusion reaction was A=B > O > AB, and there was no statistically significant difference from the control group (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of adverse blood transfusion reactions in our hospital was low, mainly due to anaphylaxis caused by plasma products, followed by non-hemolytic febrile reactions.Most patients have a history of blood transfusion,the age is mainly between 21 and 60 years old. Therefore, the indications of blood transfusion should be strictly controlled in clinical work, the screening of patients' isoantibodies should be strengthened before blood transfusion,and improve the understanding and judgment ability of medical staff on the blood transfusion adverse reactions, so as to improve the safety and efficacy of blood transfusion.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-29
  • 最后修改日期:2021-03-17
  • 录用日期:2021-06-21
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