Coronavirus (CoVs) are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that contain the largest known RNA genome with a maximum length of 32 kb. Coronavirus subfamily contains important viruses that infect humans and animals. Can be divided into four categories: α, β, γ and δ coronavirus (α-, β-, γ- and δ-CoV). Coronavirus particles contain at least four standard structural proteins E (envelope protein), M (membrane protein), N (nucleocapsid protein) and S (spike protein). The S protein contains both a receptor-binding domain (RBD) and a fusion-related domain, making it a key protein in the process of CoV entry. This article mainly elaborates that the most important virulence factor S (spike) protein of the virus invades the human body through binding to receptors, autohydrolytic cleavage and conformational changes. At present, treatments for S protein mainly include neutralizing antibodies, attenuated or inactivated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. New treatment strategies still require further clinical verification.