Thyroid autoimmunity is the most common autoimmune disturbance in women of reproductive age. Numerous studies have shown that thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with infertility. In women treated with assisted reproductive technology, thyroid autoimmunity may influence embryo quality, pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate. But its pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear. Some investigators believe that thyroid autoimmunity is not the main cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This paper focuses on the effect of thyroid autoimmunity on assisted reproductive technology. And it also suggests investigators to optimize the experimental design and hopes to obtain more authoritative results using to guide clinical practice.