Abstract:Objective: To screen and verify microRNA in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, preliminary study on miR-6833-3p level and its diagnostic effect in serum of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: Twenty-five infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 32 controls were investigated in this study. miRNA microarray was utilized to explore the expression of miRNA in serum. Real-time PCR was used to verify the reproducibility of diagnostic chips and the miRNA target prediction on miRNAs that were over five folds differences between groups. Furthermore, correlation was conducted between levels of miR-6833-3p and APACHE II scores. The diagnostic effect, sensitivity, and specificity were analyzed according to ROC curve. Results: Twenty-four aberrant miRNAs were screened out as highly expressed, among these miRNAs there were 8 miRNAs with over five folds differences of expression: miR-31-5p,miR-4754,miR-6833-3p and miR-192-3p were up-expression; miR-362-3p, miR-11a,to target prediction. ROC curve showed that area under the curve was 0.848, with optimum threshold was 1.03, Youden's index was 0.59 with sensitivity 84.55% and specificity 75.36%. Conclusion: miR-6833-3p was significantly raised in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. miR-6833-3p may has certain clinical diagnostic efficacy and a new biomarker as neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome.