[Abstract] Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and accounts for up to 15% of all pediatric cancer fatalities. It has a varied prognosis, ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic tumors with fatal outcomes despite multimodality therapy. Patients are divided into risk groups on the basis of age, stage, and biologic tumor factors. Multiple clinical and imaging tests are needed for accurate patient assessment. Nuclear medicine has both anatomical and functional imaging and is a useful method for staging and assessment. As the disease progresses, neuroblastoma is often accompanied by increased adrenal medulla function, high expression of somatostatin receptors and a significant increase in glucose metabolism, accompanied by catecholamines and metabolites, and a significant increase in serum chromogranin. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), as a functional imaging, plays an important role in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma and has received widespread clinical attention. Theragnostic of nuclear medicine have emerged and are demonstrating promising response rates for patients at high risk. This article reviews the research progress of radionuclide theragnostic in children with refractory neuroblastoma.