Abstract：Objective: Acute rejection（AR）is a common complication of kidney transplantation. VCAM1 has been observed to be involved in AR. Our study aims to investigate the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphism rs2392221 in VCAM1 and the risk of AR in renal transplant recipients. Methods: 200 Chinese renal transplant recipients were enrolled and divided into non-AR group(n=131 cases) and AR group(n=69 cases). The VCAM1 rs2392221 genotypes were detected by next generation sequencing. 5 adjusted inheritance models were utilized to investigate the influence of VCAM1 rs2392221 on AR. Combining clinical and demographic data, the association between VCAM1 rs2392221 gene polymorphisms and AR in renal transplant recipients was evaluated. Results: The SNP rs2392221 on VCAM1 gene exhibited significant correlation with the occurrence of AR in four of the five models as P=0.00051 in codominant model (OR1=3.71, 95% CI1:1.82-7.58, OR2=5.41, 95% CI2: 1.14-25.75), P=0.00068 in dominant model (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.97-7.72), P=0.357 in recessive model (OR=3.57, 95% CI: 0.77-16.54), P=0.0015 in over-dominant model (OR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.65-6.65), P=0.0344 in log-additive model (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.7-5.43)). Conclusion: In this study, we observed that SNP , rs2392221, was significantly related to the occurrence of AR in Chinese renal transplant recipients ,thereby indicating a potential target for the early diagnosis of AR.