Abstract:MicroRNA(MiRNA), a class of specialized RNA that does not translate directly into proteins and function at the post-transcriptional level of genes, is the first non-coding RNA to be studied. MiRNA is richly expressed in the mammalian nervous system, and is involved in the regulation of neurodegenerative injury, stroke, brain injury and other diseases. Recent studies have found that miRNA is particularly closely associated with ischemic stroke. This paper summarized the latest progress of miRNA in the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke as biomarkers and brain protection mechanisms as therapeutic targets, providing reference and basis for the clinical application of nucleic acid therapy with miRNA as the core.