Objective: The present study was performed to analyze the clinical data on identifying risk factors between the low-income acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and control populations in Nanjing. Our present study focused on the influence of psychological and social factors of patients on ACI in low-income population for the first time. Methods: A total of 500 patients were enrolled in this study, including low-income patients (n=300) and non-low-income patients (n=200). Study parameters included baseline parameters, past medical history, psychological and social factors. The enumeration data was expressed as % and tested by χ2; measurement data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and tested by t-test. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: ACI patients in the low-income group had significantly decreased age and BMI compared with control. The proportion of diabetes and hypertension in low-income ACI patients was significantly high compared with that in non-low-income group. Compared with patients in the control group, patients in the low-income group suffered from greater psychological stress, less social support, severer anxiety and depression, poorer sleep quality and lower marital happiness index. Conclusion: The ACI patients from low-income group was differed with that of control group in terms of baseline data, past medical history, psychological, and social factors. However, whether these factors can be used as risk factors still needs to be verified.