Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread in people"s production and living environment. Due to a wide variety of endocrine disruptors, they not only interfere with human reproductive system, nervous system and immune system, but also exert a non-negligible influence on thyroid, the largest endocrine organ in the body. The previous studies mostly focused on thyroid hormone and histopathology, and few reports were available on the associations between autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) or thyroid cancer (TC) and the EDCs. Therefore, the current review elucidates the potential adverse effects of EDCs on thyroid, especially in autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, including induction of thyroid autoantibodies and influence T cell differentiation, etc., which may provide a basis for the study of the potential environmental exposure risk factors of autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, and has positive prevention and treatment significance.