Objective:To investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on the proliferation of human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts(HTFs) and the effect of Paclitaxel on the proliferation of HTFs stimulated by TGF-β1. Methods: ① HTFs cultured by tissue block adhering wall method were observed by optical microscope and identified by immunocytochemistry methods. ② The 4th and 6th generation of HTFs were incubated with various concentrations of TGF-β1(0,2.5,5,10,25,50 ng/ml)for 24 hours. The proliferation of HTFs was evaluated by CCK-8. ③HTFs were treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 and various concentration of Paclitaxel (0,10,100,1 000,10 000 nmol/L) for 24 h in order observe proliferation. ④ The cell apoptosis was measured by Hochest33342 staining. Results:① The Tenon’s fibroblasts were successfully cultured. The results of vimentin immunocytochemisty staining was positive. ② Treatment of the cells with 2.5~25.0 ng/ml TGF-β1 increased the proliferation of the HTFs. ③ 100~10 000 nmol/L Paclitaxel suppressed the proliferation of the HTFs stimulated by TGF-β1. ④ Hochest staining shows a clear apoptotic features. Paclitaxel treatment resulted in increased number of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: TGF-β1 may increase the proliferation of HTFs, which could be reduced by Paclitaxel. Paclitaxel could bind to TGF-β1 receptor and interfere in signal transmission and inhibit the scarring after glaucoma filtering surgery.