Objective:To explore the effect on the urination and bowel function of nerve-sparing modified hysterectomy and traditional hysterectomy in pre-menopausal or postmenopausal women. Methods:In total,150 cases were treated by the nerve-sparing modified hysterectomy (study group),and 150 cases were treated by traditional abdominal hysterectomy (control group). All uterine samples with cardinal ligament,sacral ligament,vesicocervical ligament were obtained. Expressions of S-100 in those attached ligaments were evaluated by immunohistochemistry technique in order to investigate the contents of nerves. According to whether the patient in premenopausal and menopausal period,the two groups were divided into three parts:premenopausal patients,early menopausal patients(menopausal period was no more than 5 years),late menopausal patients (menopausal period was more than 5 years). Their urination and defecation in one month and one year after operation were compared. Results:Contents of nerves in ligament stump of the study group were significantly lower than those of controls. There was no significant difference in operative time,intra-operative blood loss and length of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. The incidence rates of frequent micturition,delay of urination,urinary incontinence and constipation in the study group were lower than those in the control group in one month and one year. Compared between the two groups,there was no statistically significance in pre-menopausal,early menopausal patients(P > 0.05),except the incidence rate of frequent urination,and delay of urination in one month in early menopausal patients. But in the late menopausal patients,the incidence rates of frequent urination,delay of urination and constipation in the study group were significantly different from those in the control group in one month and one year. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional hysterectomy,reformed operation can reduce the damage of disposable bladder and bowel nerve and depress the incidence of frequent urination,delay of urination,urinary incontinence and constipation. It was particularly significant in elderly patients.