Objective:To determine the associations between Periostin gene polymorphisms and heart failure in a Chinese population. Methods:In total,464 patients with heart failure and 640 control individuals were included in this study. rs3829365 was genotyped through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the independent strength of association among clinical parameters,genotypes and heart failure. Results:After adjusting for age,sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,smoking and hypertriglyceridemia in multivariate logistic regression,we found that CG or GG of rs3829365 was an independent risk factor for heart failure and that CG or GG of rs3829365 was significantly protective factors for heart failure in patients who smoked. Conclusion:These findings suggest that rs3829365 of Periostin gene may be helpful to determine the susceptibility and severity of heart failure.