Objective:To investigate the emulsified isoflurane post-conditioning on isolated lung ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats. Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=6 each):control group(group S),ischemia-reperfusion group(group IR),emulsified isoflurane group(group EI)and intralipid group(group IL). Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established. Recorded tidal volume(Tidal volume,VT),pulmonary venous partial pressure of oxygen(Oxygen partial,PaO2),lung compliance(Compliance,CL)and airway resistance(Airway resistance,R)values at the end of the balance(T0),immediately prior to ischemia and hypoxia(T1),reperfusion 30 min(T2)and reperfusion 60 min (T3);measured lung wet / dry weight ratio (W/D);observed lung tissue HE staining and detected the expression levels of SOD and MDA. Results:Compared with T0 moment,VT,CL and PaO2 decreased but R increased at T3 moment in the four groups(P < 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with S group,VT,CL and PaO2 significantly decreased but R obviously increased at T2-3 moment in IR group and IL group(P < 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with IR group,VT,CL and PaO22 increased but R decreased at T2-3 moment in EI group and IL group(P < 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with EI group,PaO2 decreased at T2-3 moment,VT and CL decreased but R increased at T3 moment in IL group(P < 0.05). Compared with S group,W/D,the expression level of MDA increased and the expression level of SOD decreased in IR group and IL group(P < 0.05 or 0.01),the expression level of SOD decreased in EI group(P < 0.01). Compared with IR group,W/D,the expression level of MDA decreased and the expression level of SOD increased in EI group(P < 0.05 or 0.01),W/D decreased and the expression level of SOD increased in IL group(P < 0.05). Compared with EI group,the expression level of SOD decreased and the expression level of MDA increased in IL group(P < 0.05). Pathology showed that the damage of lung tissue of group IL or group EI was lighter than that in group IR,the damage of lung tissue of group EI was lighter than that in group IL. Conclusion:8% emulsified isoflurane post-conditioning can prevent isolated lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and the mechanism may be related to alleviating lung oxidative stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury.