Objective：To evaluate the root and canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT imaging data of 1 022 patients, who admitted in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of NJMU from June 2015 to June 2016, were inspected and divided into three groups according to tooth position, gender and age. The number of roots, root canals and root canal configuration were observed and analyzed statistically according to the method of Vertucci. Results: CBCT image data of 6 032 mandibular anterior teeth from 1 022 patients were obtained. All the mandibular central incisors and lateral incisors had a single root, while 0.9%(18/2 042) of canines had double. Multiple canals were found in 10.6%(211/1 990) of central incisor, 18.0%(360/2 000) of lateral incisors and 5.4%(111/2 042) of canines. The most prevalent canal type was Type Ⅲ. In multiple canal teeth, 89.9%(98/109) of central incisors, 87.3%(165/199) of lateral incisors and 48.0% (36/75) of canines occurred bilaterally. The incidence of multiple canals was 14.6%(57/397) of central incisors in the ＞30~40 years old group, 21.1% (62/294) of lateral incisor in the ＞40~50 years old group, and 8.4%(27/320) of canines in ＞50~60 years old group. The incidence of multiple root canals had statistical differences among the age groups. However, there were no statistical differences between females and males (11.15% vs. 11.53%, P>0.05). Conclusion: We should pay more attention to the occurrence of the multiple canals in mandibular anterior teeth for root canal treatment. The incidence of the multiple root canals has a certain correlation with age.