Objective：To observe the effect of reslovin D1（RvD1） on Aβ-mediated inflammasome activation and metabolic disturbance of microglia and cognitive function in AD transgenic mice. Methods：Firstly，microglia（BV2 cell line）was cultured and treated with LPS，Aβ and RvD1. By RT-PCR technique and confocal microscopy，we observed the activation of Nod-lide receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3（NLRP3） inflammasome and changes of mitochondrial morphology，respectively. Moreover，continuous intraperitoneal injection of RvD1 5 mg/（kg·d）for 10 days was performed to AD transgenic mice. IHC，IF and RT-PCR were used to observe the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome，microglial marker（Iba1）and expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related factors. Ultimately，behavioral effect on AD mice was tested by fear conditioning test（FCT）. Results：RvD1 inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammation. After RvD1 applied，mitochondria morphology in microglia changed from dot fragment to strip shape. Compared with AD mice，AD mice treated with RvD1 revealed lower NLRP3 and Iba1 expression，improved mitochondrial metabolic disturbance in hippocampus and better cognitive function. Conclusion：RvD1 improves cognitive function in AD mice via alleviating the disturbance of mitochondria metabolism and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia.