Objective:To summarize and improve the surgical specimen management. Methods:A retrospective analysis of operation specimens from 2010 to the present in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University was made. Results:A total of 10 547 cases of surgical specimens were performed pathological examination in 2010, and 78 cases of defective specimens were found which accounted for 0.74%. There were 6 cases of improper preserved specimens accounting for 7.69%(6/78),57 cases with incomplete pathological application forms,serious pollution pathological application forms,or the data fuzzy accounting for 73.08%(57/78),14 cases with pathological application forms losing accounting for 17.95%(14/78),1 specimen lost accounting for 1.28%(1/78). After implementation of the new regulations of surgical specimens in 2011,all specimens were kept completely. Conclusion:Strengthening the correct management of samples and monitoring the transfer process can prevent medical disputes related to surgical specimens.