Objective：This study aims to explore the association between neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio(NLR)，platelet - to - lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and progress after androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer(PC). Methods：Total 170 PC patients treated in Sanya Central Hospital(the Third People’s Hospital of Hainan Province)from May 2017 to May 2020 were employed as study subjects. All patients received androgen deprivation therapy and follow -up for 1 year. Patients who progressed to castration - resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)during follow - up were included in the progress group，and the rest were included in the stable group. Examination results such as general data，NLR，PLR and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR)of two groups were comparatively analyzed，analyzing the factors associated with progressing to CRPC by multivariate logistic regression analysis， constructing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to assess prediction efficiency of NLR and PLR for predicting CRPC within 1 year. Results：At the end of follow-up，14 patients who were lost to follow-up and 2 patients who died of other causes were excluded，44 of the remaining 154 cases were included in the progress group，and 110 cases were included in the stable group. There were statistical differences between two groups in the distribution of the number of Gleason score，T stage and N stage(P ＜ 0.05). NLR and PLR in the progress group were higher than those in the stable group(P ＜ 0.05). There were statistical differences between two groups in the distribution of the number of prostate specific antigen(PSA)level and its nadir(PSA nadir)(P ＜ 0.05). The 1-year mortality was lower in the low NLR group than in the high NLR group(log rank χ2 =5.094，P=0.024)；1-year mortality was lower in the low PLR group than in the high PLR group(log rank χ2 =9.931，P=0.002)；Gleason score≥8 points(OR=3.998，P=0.034)，PLR(OR=1.156，P ＜ 0.001)，NLR(OR=13.844，P ＜ 0.001)and T4 stage(OR=16.252，P=0.048)were the risk factors of progressing to CRPC. AUC of NLR and PLR for predicting CRPC within 1 year were 0.845 and 0.865. There was no statistically significant difference between the area under the curve(AUC)of both(P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion：Baseline NLR and PLR in patients with PC correlate with the occurrence of CRPC，and both may be effective measures to predict CRPC in the future.