Striatum is an important nucleus in the central nervous system that regulates fine motor. Accumulated evidences have shown that the dorsal striatum is involved in not only motor functions but also cognition.Cognitive impairment(CI)is a mental disease with learning and memory deficit，which occurs in the early stage of many diseases. As a relay station for learning and memory information processing，the dorsal striatum integrates glutamatergic，or dopaminergic and other neurotransmitters released by the upstream loop，and then outputs information to the downstream nucleus through direct and indirect pathways to participate in cognitive behavior. In this paper，we will expound its structure，or neural circuit mechanism，and explores the potential therapeutic targets in the neural circuit of the dorsal striatum in combination with the existing treatment methods.