With the aging process of society accelerating，the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is rising. In recent years， plenty of evidence has proved that neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the progression of PD，especially around the risk areas in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra(SN). The damage and hyperactivation of microglia trigger oxidative stress，mitochondrial autophagy and autophagy dysfunction，the accumulation of α - synuclein and the release of pro - inflammatory cytokines，the neuronal damage mediated by these injury factors can further aggravate the activation of microglia，emphasizing the importance of this vicious cycle in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore，exploring the role and mechanism of microglia in the pathogenesis of PD is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD.