Objective：To investigate the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on neural cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS). Methods：PC12 cells were treated with ERS inducer thapsigargin(TG)to construct ERS model. The expression of GRP78 protein was detected by Western blotting，the cytoplasmic calcium concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope(LSCM)and Fluo-3/AM，the activity of Caspase-3 was measured by colorimetry，and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Results：Resveratrol reduced the high expression of GRP 78 induced by ERS inducer TG，prevented calcium overload induced by ERS. Resveratrol and calcium chelator BAPTA inhibited the activation of Caspase-3 induced by ERS and inhibited ERS- induced neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion：Resveratrol may inhibit neural cell apoptosis induced by ERS through Ca2 + /Caspase - 3 pathway.