Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases（COPD）is a kind of disease characterized by airflow restriction. It is related to complex pathological changes caused by inhalation of harmful gases or particles such as cigarettes and smoke，including inflammation of large and small airways and destruction of lung parenchyma. The pathogenesis of COPD is still unclear，and is currently believed to be related to airway inflammation，immune factors，oxidative stress，protease and antiprotease imbalance. Molecular biomarkers closely related to the pathogenesis of COPD play an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. This paper reviewed the molecular biomarkers corresponding to different pathogenesis of COPD.