Ischemic stroke is considered to be one of the major causes of death and disability worldwidely，and is correlated to a series of complex pathophysiological processes. However，the time window of thrombolysis and thrombectomy commonly used in clinic is relatively short，and the treatment still has limitations. Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid compound that has antioxidative，anti-neuroinflammatory and other functions. It exists widely in various precious traditional Chinese medicines. Existing studies have proved that oleanolic acid can reduce excitotoxicity，Ca²⁺ overload，mitochondrial dysfunction and blood -brain barrier permeability，and can anti -inflammation，anti oxidation，anti-apoptosis and improve angiogenesis and neurogenesis. This manuscript reviews the role and mechanism of oleanolic acid in the treatment of ischemic stroke，providing a reference for its clinical application.