Objective：To explore the pulmonary microbiome characteristics of adolescent mice model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD）. Methods：Thirty-two C57BL/6J neonatal mice were divided into air female group，air male group，hyperoxic female group，and hyperoxic male group，with 8 mice in each group. The mice in the hyperoxic group were placed in the environment with FiO₂>95% for 7 days immediately after birth，and the mice in the air group were placed in the same indoor air with FiO₂=21%. All mice were then raised in indoor air environment until 6 weeks. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining（HE）. The characteristics of pulmonary microbiome were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results：The alveolation degree of lung tissue decreased in early hyperoxygen exposure group（P < 0.01）. Two-factor ANOVA showed that radial alveolar count（RAC） had no significant difference between sex in mice（F=2.001，P > 0.05）. The results of Anosim similarity analysis showed that there was statistical significance in pulmonary microbiome of male mice in the air group and the high oxygen group（r=0.906，P=0.03），while there was no statistical significance in the female mice（r=- 0.0938，P=0.722）.Alpha diversity results showed that there was no statistical difference in the species richness of lung flora between the high oxygen group and the air group（P > 0.05），and in the analysis of Beta diversity，PCoA diagram showed that there were statistical differences in lung flora among the four groups（P < 0.05）. LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of Corynebacterium in the high oxygen group decreased and Staphylococcus increased. Conclusion：The lung microbiota of adolescent mice in the BPD model are disregulated，with a decrease in the abundance of Corynebacterium，and an increase in Staphylococcus，and the microbiota imbalance might be related to gender.