Objective：To validate the stability，tissue specificity，and sensitivity of circulating miR-124 for detecting lead neurotoxicity，so as to provide a basis for the evaluation of lead neurotoxicity using circulating miR-124. Methods：A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established using Zea-Longa line plug method. Blood samples were collected，centrifuged，and aliquoted，then immediately tested or stored at different times under conditions of room temperature，2 ℃ to 8 ℃，and -70 ℃ to -90 ℃ the expression of miR-124 was detected by RT-qPCR method. Hepatotoxicity，cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity models were established with acetaminophen（1 250 mg/kg），isoprenaline（2.5 mg/kg）and gentamycin（80 mg/kg），respectively. The expression of circulating miR -124 was detected and compared in the collected pre -modeling and post -modeling blood samples. Rat neurotoxicity models were established with lead acetate（300 and 600 mg/kg）. ELISA method was used to detect the changes of IL-10，IL-1β，and TNF -α. The sensitivity was evaluated by comparing the time of changes detected of cytokines and circulating miR-124. Results： Compared with fresh blood samples，circulating miR-124 remained stable when the blood samples were stored at room temperature for 6 h，at 2 ℃ to 8 ℃ for 24 h，at -70 ℃ to -90 ℃ for 36 d，and for three freeze-thaw cycles. The stability could support the requirement so flaboratory. Circulating miR-124 has good tissue specificity since no significant changes were noted in rat hepatotoxicity， cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity models. Compared with the cytokines，circulating miR-124 could evaluate neuroinflammation caused by lead exposure with a more sensitive manner. Conclusion：Circulating miR-124 has good stability，tissue specificity and sensitivity， and can be used as a potential biomarker of evaluating lead neurotoxicity.