Objective：To construct a rabbit model of abdominal aorta atherosclerosis by a modified balloon injury with a high-cholesterol diet，and evaluate the expression of immune clearance related proteins in early plaques. Methods：A total of 20 New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly to 3 groups：a sham group，a classical intervention group and a modified intervention group. The high -cholesterol diet and normal diet were given to the intervention groups and the sham group，respectively for one week，after which the model was constructed through the femoral artery. The rabbits in the sham group were given a general diet，anesthetized，skin cut，isolated femoral artery and sutured，but without balloon injury. For the rabbits in the classic intervention group，a balloon was inserted into the abdominal aorta，inflated and unidirectionally pulled 3 times. For the rabbits in the modified intervention group，the balloon was inserted，inflated and a bidirectionally pushed and pulled for 30-40 times. Following the intervention，the two intervention groups received a high-cholesterol diet，while the sham group received a normal diet for another 4 weeks. The intravascular ultrasound was performed to examine the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery，and the injured segments of abdominal aorta were sampled for further hematoxylin-eosin（HE）and immunohistochemistry staining at the end of the study. Results：There was no significant difference in weight gain measured at 4 weeks post intervention among the 3 groups. The intravascular ultrasound demonstrated significant plaque hyperplasia and lumen stenosis in the modified intervention group. HE staining revealed varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia in all samples from both intervention groups. Compared with the classical intervention group，the modified intervention group exhibited significantly increased in maximum intimal thickness［（174.69±53.76）μm vs.（481.50±81.94）μm，P < 0.05］and mean intimal thickness［（77.49±18.02）μm vs.（262.63±53.04）μm，P < 0.05］，a higher intimal /media area ratio［0.39±0.14 vs. 1.57± 0.30，P < 0.05］and severer vascular stenosis［（19.04±5.90）% vs.（52.13±11.31）%，P < 0.05］. The immunohistochemistry staining revealed significantly enhanced macrophage infiltration in the modified intervention group，compared with the classical intervention group. Moreover，a higher expression of the anti-phagocytic protein CD47 in the proliferative intima was detected in the modified intervention group than the sham group and the classical intervention group. Conclusion：The novel rabbit model of abdominal aorta atherosclerosis was established by the modified balloon injury and the high-cholesterol diet，further accelerating early plaque development with an enhanced stability and reliability. A significant necrotic cell clearance impairment was detected in early plaque in this novel model.