Objective：To investigate the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine expression levels in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia（AML）patients with FMS like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor（FLT3）mutations，and their correlation with blood cell counts and mutation types. Methods：A total of 168 AML patients with FLT3 mutations were included in the study. The FLT3 mutation types were further classified，and the lymphocyte subsets，cytokines and blood cell count in peripheral blood of patients before treatment were collected to analyze their correlation. Results：Compared with the healthy control group，the expression levels of CD4， interleukin 6（IL-6），and IL-10 in peripheral blood of patients with FLT3 mutations were increased before treatment，while the expression levels of CD8，CD16 + CD56，IL-2，tumor necrosis factor（TNF），and interferon gamma（IFN-γ）were decreased. According to leukocyte count，the distributions of CD3，CD4，CD8，CD19，IL-4 and IL-10 were different among the groups（P=0.039， P=0.024，P=0.034，P=0.008，P=0.048，P=0.024）. According to platelet count，the distributions of CD19，CD16+CD56 were different among groups（P=0.030，P=0.045）. It can be divided into FLT3-ITD⁺ 、FLT3-TKD⁺ 、FLT3-（ ITD⁺ +TKD⁺ ）and FLT3-（ ITD^- +TKD^- ）.The distributions of CD3，CD8，CD19，IL-10 and TNF were different among the four groups（P=0.046，P=0.048，P=0.041，P=0.042， P=0.013）. Conclusion：The blood cell counts and FLT3 mutation types of AML patients are associated with the expression levels of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines. This may contribute to the risk stratification of AML and have a certain impact on the prognosis of AML patients.