With the widespread use of plastic products globally，plastic pollution is becoming more and more serious. Plastic particles formed by the breakdown of plastics have received significant attention in recent years. There are various sources of plastic particles. Plastic particles can enter the human body through respiratory tract inhalation，digestive tract intake，direct skin contact and other ways，and then affect multiple systems of the human body through oxidative stress，inflammatory response and other mechanisms. In addition，plastic particles can also be co -exposed with additives，heavy metals，bacteria，viruses and other toxic pollutants，which have an impact on the human body. This review summarizes the definition and sources of plastic particles，their entry into the human body，detection methods and their effects on various human systems. It serves as a theoretical basis for subsequent efforts in preventing and mitigating plastic pollution and reducing the harmful impact of plastic particles on human health.