Objective：To evaluate the effect of non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection（ESD）on postoperative complications after additional thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy and to investigate the optimal interval between non-curative ESD and additional esophagectomy. Methods：A total of 831 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent thoraco -laparoscopic esophagectomy in our hospital between October 2019 and October 2022 were collected. Among them，52 patients underwent ESD prior to esophagectomy， while 779 patients did not. Propensity score matching（PSM）was performed at a 1∶3 ratio，dividing the patients into an ESD+OP group （52 cases）and a Non-ESD+OP group（149 cases）. The incidence of postoperative complications was compared between the two groups， and the outcomes of esophagectomy performed at different time points after ESD were evaluated. Results：The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the ESD + OP group than the Non - ESD + OP group（59.6% vs. 33.6% ，P=0.001），with significantly increased rates of pulmonary infection（26.9% vs. 10.7%，P=0.001）and anastomotic leakage（13.5% vs. 4.7%，P=0.033）. The lowest complication rate（38.1% vs. 75.0%，P=0.033）and the safest outcomes were observed when esophagectomy was performed 2 to 4 weeks after ESD. Conclusion：The non - curative ESD may increased the postoperative complications and the risk of esophagectomy. Performing esophagectomy 2 to 4 weeks after ESD is relatively safer and can effectively reduce surgical risk.