Objective：To explore the role of microRNA-146a（miR-146a）in hypoxia induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Methods：The expression of miR-146a/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6（TRAF6），inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species（ROS）in macrophages were determined under hypoxia-reoxygenation model. Moreover，release of inflammatory factors and ROS were analyzed after mimic or inhibitor of miR-146a. Results：The miR-146a expression level was obviously decreased in hypoxia induced macrophages，while the expression of TRAF6，inflammatory factors and ROS increased. Overexpression of miR -146a directly targeted and decreased TRAF6 expression and reduced the release of inflammatory factors and ROS，however，transfection with miR-146a inhibitor increased the levels of TRAF6 and promoted inflammatory response. Conclusion： Overexpression of miR -146a attenuates the inflammation response in hypoxia induced macrophages by directly targeting the TRAF6 gene. New treatment strategies targeting miR -146a may help reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by inflammatory factors and ROS in macrophages.