MicroRNAs（miRNA）are a class of non -coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression transcriptionally，playing crucial roles in various cellular processes. Increasing investigation indicate that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis（Mtb）infection alters the expression of numerous miRNAs in host cells，thereby influencing downstream pathways involved in immune responses against tuberculosis（TB）. This review summarizes how changes in miRNA levels post Mtb infection regulate autophagy，apoptosis，and inflammatory responses. It highlights that miRNAs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for TB，providing insights for further research and clinical applications of miRNA in TB.