Cesarean scar diverticulum（CSD）is one of the long-term complications of cesarean section，which can cause symptoms such as abnormal menstrual patterns and chronic pelvic pain，significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. Currently，there is no unified standard of diagnosis and treatment for CSD. Surgical treatment was considered to be the primary option for patients with fertility requirements，but the specific selection criteria of surgical procedures and the impact of different surgical procedures on subsequent fertility remain controversial. Here，we summarize recent research fingdings on CSD from scholars around the world over the past 5 years，reviewing the factors contributing to the CSD formation，diagnostic methods，treatment options，and their effects on the future fertility，in order to provide a references for optimizing clinical strategies.