Objective：To analyze the genetic characteristics of chromosomes of sperm donor volunteers in human sperm bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，for more than ten years，and to explore the role of sperm bank chromosomal karyotypes analysis and screening in avoiding adverse pregnancy outcomes after sperm donor treatment. Methods：The chromosomal karyotypes examination results of 3 591 sperm donors，who underwent sperm screening at the Human Sperm Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2023，were retrospectively analyzed to classify the distribution and types of chromosomal karyotypes abnormalities. Results：Among the 3 591 sperm donors，there were 62 cases of karyotype abnormalities，accounting for 1.73% of all volunteers，of which the most common were pericentric inversions（30/62），followed by secondary constriction region enlargement（13/62），and then short-arm enlargement（7/62）and translocation（6/62）. In addition to this， there were 3 cases of satellite enlargement，1 case of double enlargement，1 case of enlarged centromere，and 1 case of marker chromosome. Conclusion：In view of the known or potential adverse effects of karyotype abnormalities on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health，sperm banks are required to conduct rigorous cytogenetic screening of sperm donor volunteers to circumvent the risk of failure of subsequent sperm donor treatments and to fulfil the societal role of assisted conception and eugenics.