Objective：To explore the relationship between frailty and atrial fibrillation（AF）recurrence after catheter ablation in elderly AF patients. Methods：A prospective study was conducted，including 292 elderly patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF between June 2023 and December 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，the Third People’s Hospital of Nantong，and the People’s Hospital of Jingjiang. Baseline data were collected before the operation，and the patients were categorized based on the Frailty Scale into three groups：frail group（≥3 points），pre-frail group（1-2 points）and non-frail group（0 points）. The differences among the groups were compared. After one year of follow-up，patients were divided into two groups based on whether AF recurrence occurred：the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared， and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between frailty and AF recurrence after catheter ablation，as well as other risk factors for AF recurrence. The cumulative incidence of AF recurrence within one year post-surgery was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier，and the log-rank test was used to compare the recurrence risk between groups. Results：A total of 292 elderly AF patients were included，with 94 in the non -frail group，138 in the pre -frail group，and 60 in the frail group. During the one-year follow-up，52 patients（17.8%）experienced AF recurrence. The recurrence rate in the frail group was significantly higher than in the non -frail and pre -frail groups[38.33%（23/60）vs. 10.64%（10/94）vs. 13.77%（19/138），P ＜ 0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis，after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors，showed that frailty was significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate of AF after catheter ablation（OR=3.430，95% CI：1.219-10.233，P=0.032）. AF type（persistent AF），body mass index（BMI），N -terminal pro B -type natriuretic peptide（BNP），and left atrial diameter（LAD）were independent risk factors for AF recurrence after catheter ablation in elderly patients. Conclusion：Frailty is significantly associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation in elderly AF patients，and can serve as a reliable predictor of AF recurrence following the post-ablation.