Among all renal diseases，chronic renal disease and renal cancer are significant threats to global health，with their core pathological mechanisms closely related to renal fibrosis and dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years，the tripartite motif（TRIM）protein family has emerged as a new focus in renal disease research due to its critical roles in ubiquitination， immune regulation，and epigenetics. Studies have shown that TRIM proteins are involved in the pathological processes of renal diseases through multiple mechanisms，including the ubiquitin -proteasome system，oxidative stress，related signaling pathways，inflammatory immune regulation，and epigenetics. In terms of therapeutic strategies，gene silencing technologies，small molecule inhibitors，and recombinant proteins targeting TRIM proteins have shown potential. However，challenges such as the functional redundancy of TRIM family proteins，tissue-specific expression differences，and potential immunogenicity have made their clinical application difficult. This article provides a review of the molecular mechanisms of TRIM proteins in renal diseases and their therapeutic potential.