Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a severe central nervous system disorder with a high rate of disability and mortality. It is typically caused by traumatic vertebral burst fractures，resulting from incidents such as traffic accidents，falls from a height，or slips. After injury，patients often experience loss of motor and sensory functions，along with various complications，including respiratory dysfunction，cardiovascular disorders，pathological pain，muscle spasms，neurogenic bladder，and gastrointestinal dysfunction. These complications not only cause significant physical and psychological distress but also severely impair patients’quality of life and longterm prognosis. Early surgical intervention may partially salvage neural function，while rehabilitation training is also the essential therapeutic approach. The management of complications requires close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures can significantly alleviate pain of patients and prolong survival. This review summarizes the latest research progress on early complications of SCI，aiming to provide references for clinicians to optimize treatment plans and improve the quality of life for patients.