Given the close association between amino acid metabolism disorders and the occurrence and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD), this article aims to systematically summarize the correlations, mechanisms of action, and clinical application prospects of relevant amino acid metabolic abnormalities with CHD. A systematic review approach was adopted to analyze the role of metabolic abnormalities of homocysteine, branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and other amino acids in CHD-related pathological processes. Meanwhile, the potential impacts of amino acid metabolites and gut microbiota on CHD were explored. Multiple amino acid metabolic abnormalities were confirmed to be associated with CHD risk, which influence disease progression by participating in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Amino acid metabolism indicators have shown promising clinical application potential in CHD risk prediction, auxiliary diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. Despite existing contradictions and limitations in current research, amino acid metabolism disorders, as a new target for CHD prevention and treatment, hold clinical value and research potential, providing a new direction for cardiovascular disease research.