Mitochondria are an indispensable component of multicellular life. They undergo morphological changes and spatial rearrangement to meet the needs of cells and maintain energy balance through fusion and fission, a process called mitochondrial dynamics. A large number of studies have shown that mitochondria participate in a variety of cell biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell migration, and energy metabolism through fusion and fission. In recent years, respiratory diseases have become a major global health problem. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics disorder plays an important role in the formation of many respiratory diseases. The study of mitochondrial dynamics disorders provides a new perspective for the formation mechanism of respiratory diseases.