Objective: Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Brucellosis patients, explore the diagnostic value of LPS testing for brucellosis, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of LPS combined with blood culture on brucellosis. Methods: Collect 61 clinical patients with brucellosis, divide them into the current brucellosis group (39) and the brucellosis treatment effective group (22), The current brucellosis group consisted of 32 cases in the initial diagnosis group and 7 cases in the treatment ineffective group. retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of the patients; Quantitative detection of LPS content; Analyze the results of blood culture, RBT testing, and LPS testing in the two groups, compare the positive rates of the three detection methods, and compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative/positive predictive values, and the diagnostic efficacy of combined diagnosis. Results: Among the 61 patients, there were 45 males and 16 females, with a median age of 52 years.. Among the 61 patients, 39 were present patients, and the positive rate of LPS test was 100%, higher than that of blood culture (82.05%) and RBT test (97.44%). 22 patients with effective treatment, and the blood culture results were all negative. The false positive rates of LPS and RBT tests were 45.45% and 90.91%, respectively. The LPS levels in the effective treatment group were significantly lower than those in the first diagnosis group and the ineffective treatment group, and there was no statistically significant difference compared to the normal control group. The AUC of blood culture combined with RBT, blood culture combined with LPS, RBT combined with LPS, and the three combinations were 0.914, 0.957, 0.779, and 0.959, respectively. Blood culture combined with LPS has high diagnostic value. Conclusion: LPS detection has a high diagnostic value for the present brucellosis and the therapeutic effect of brucellosis. It can be widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of key population brucellosis, improve the diagnosis rate and predict the outcome of the disease.