[Abstract] Objective To explore the role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in hypoxia induced macrophages. Mehhod The expression of miR-146a/TRAF6, inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species(ROS) in macrophages were determinated under hypoxia-reoxygenation model. Moreover, release of inflammatory factors and ROS were analyzed after mimic or inhibitor of miR-146a. Results We found that the miR-146a levels were obviously decreased in hypoxia induced macrophages, while the expression of TRAF6, inflammatory factors and ROS increased. Overexpression of miR-146a directly decreased TRAF6 expression and reduced the release of inflammatory factors and ROS, however, transfection with miR-146a inhibitor increased the levels of TRAF6 and promoted inflammation response. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-146a attenuates the inflammation response in hypoxia induced macrophages by directly targeting the TRAF6 gene. New treatment strategies targeting miR-146a may help reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by inflammatory cytokines and ROS in macrophages