As a long-term complication of cesarean section, abnormal menstrual patterns and chronic pelvic pain caused by cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD) seriously impacted patients' quality of life. With the adjustments of China's fertility policy, secondary infertility caused by CSD had garnered more attention from scholars. However, no unified standard of diagnosis and treatment for CSD was identified till now. Surgical treatment was considered to be the primary option for patients with fertility requirements, but the specific selection criteria of surgical procedures and the impact of different surgical procedures on subsequent fertility were still controversial. Here, we summarized recent research results of domestic and foreign scholars on CSD over the past 5 years and provided a review of the factors contributing to the formation, diagnosis, and treatment options of CSD, in order to offer a viable references for optimizing clinical strategy for CSD.