Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women throughout the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and is closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This review found that PAX1 gene methylation can be used as a marker for early diagnosis, and it has higher specificity and sensitivity than traditional methods, as discussed through the analyses and discusses of existing literature. Meanwhile, PAX1 methylation status can also be used to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer after treatment. However, due to factors such as small clinical samples and short research periods, further in-depth studies are still needed. Nevertheless, the study of PAX1 methylation still has a vital role and broad application prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, which provides a direction for the screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.