Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between venous thromboembolism and the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) treated with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and to analyze the risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). To compare the predictive efficacy of the three thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua, SAVED and IMPEDE score) in VTE in MM patients. Methods A retrospective examination was conducted on the clinical data of 221 NDMM patients treated with IMiDs at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020, the correlation between VTE and the prognosis of MM patients was analyzed. The VTE risk of patients was quantitatively assessed with Padua, SAVED and IMPEDE scores. The predictive value of the three scales for VTE was compared based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results Of the 221 patients, the incidence of VTE was 15.8%. Patients with age over 75 years, central venous catheterization (CVC), recent surgery, braking on the bed, extramedullary disease, anthracycline using, autoimmune disease and hypoalbuminemia had a higher incidence of VTE. Age over 75 years, CVC, autoimmune disease and hypoalbuminemia were independent unfavorable factors for VTE. Among Paudua, SAVED, and IMPEDE scores, IMPEDE score is superior to the other two scores in efficacy evaluation of predicting the formation of VTE in newly diagnosed MM patients. Conclusion Age over 75 years, CVC, autoimmune disease and hypoalbuminemia were independent unfavorable factors for VTE. IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE in patients with NDMM.